Laboratory tests
Spinal tap / Lumbar puncture
The diagnosis of MS is not simple and laboratory tests may help by providing additional evidence. One test is the collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the fluid-containing area in the spine. During collection you lie down while the fluid is extracted with a needle. This procedure may require a stay in hospital for some hours.
Spinal taps are used to support or exclude a diagnosis of MS. There are several tests that can be carried out in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which may indicate the presence of MS activity.
The majority of people with established MS (90%) show a positive sign for MS when the CSF is analysed.
In summary, neither the results of MRI scans nor evoked potentials nor spinal taps alone are diagnostic for MS, meaning that a definite diagnosis of MS cannot be based on these tests alone. These tests serve primarily as an aid to final diagnosis, helping to support or exclude a suspected diagnosis, therefore each test needs careful interpretation by an expert.
Earlier diagnosis
Various methods have been developed to guide physicians in their diagnosis. For a definite diagnosis of MS, specific diagnostic criteria have to be fulfilled.
In 2001, new diagnostic criteria were introduced which allow much earlier diagnosis of MS. These so-called “McDonald criteria” are based on clinical and MRI findings.
Today, modern MRI techniques and these new criteria help medical professionals to better distinguish between MS and other conditions that may present similar symptoms.
Thanks to these improved diagnosis techniques, treating physicians today have a much better chance of starting effective MS treatment in the early stages of the condition. Early treatment will reduce or delay the risk of future irreversible nerve injury.
